Mental health is an issue that the Centre for Social Justice (CSJ) has considered in many of its previous reports, particularly those relating to family breakdown, criminal justice (courts and sentencing and prison reform), children in care and street gangs. Its work focusing on the poorest communities has highlighted time and again the extremely high prevalence of mental ill-health and the compounding effect that it has on people and families already battling to live amongst challenging circumstances. This review was undertaken so that they could investigate precisely why this is the case and found that the ‘pathways to poverty’ that are the focus of its work, are heavily implicated in the development of poor mental health.